Expression and Clinical Significance of TM9SF3 in Lung Adenocarcinoma / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of TM9SF3 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods TCGA and GEPIA databases were used to screen the differentially-expressed TM9SF family molecules and analyze their effects on patient prognosis with LUAD. The expression and localization of TM9SF3 in LUAD patients were verified by a human proteomic mapping database, Western blot assay, and polymerase chain reaction assay. Herein, the GSEA was used for the signal pathway enrichment analysis of TM9SF3-related genes. Meanwhile, the TIMER database and CIBERSORT algorithm were used to analyze the correlation between differentially-expressed TM9SF3 and the degree of immune cell infiltration. Results The expression of TM9SF3 in LUAD was significantly increased and had a significant adverse effect on the prognosis of LUAD patients. In addition, immunoblotting and polymerase chain reaction confirmed that TM9SF3 was highly expressed in LUAD. Meanwhile, the genes related to TM9SF3 expression were mainly enriched in cell signaling pathways regulating immune cell activity. The expression of TM9SF3 was significantly correlated with the expression changes of six immune cells. Conclusion TM9SF3 is differentially expressed in LUAD and may be used as a potential prognostic marker for LUAD patients. TM9SF3 can also change the level of immune cell infiltration in LUAD patients and is expected to be a new potential target for LUAD immunotherapy.

Spirulina platensis aqueous extracts ameliorate colonic mucosal damage and modulate gut microbiota disorder in mice with ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has become a major gastroenterologic problem during recent decades. Numerous complicating factors are involved in UC development such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota disorder. These factors exacerbate damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Spirulina platensis is a commercial alga with various biological activity that is widely used as a functional ingredient in food and beverage products. However, there have been few studies on the treatment of UC using S. platensis aqueous extracts (SP), and the underlying mechanism of action of SP against UC has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of SP on microbiota disorders in UC mice and clarify the underlying mechanisms by which SP alleviates damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to establish a normal human colonic epithelial cell (NCM460) injury model and UC animal model. The mitochondrial membrane potential assay 3-‍‍(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,‍5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 33258 were carried out to determine the effects of SP on the NCM460 cell injury model. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing were used to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of SP on UC in C57BL/6 mice. In vitro studies showed that SP alleviated DSS-induced NCM460 cell injury. SP also significantly reduced the excessive generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented mitochondrial membrane potential reduction after DSS challenge. In vivo studies indicated that SP administration could alleviate the severity of DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage compared with the control group. Inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress was associated with increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) post-SP treatment. SP improved gut microbiota disorder mainly by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of TJs in the colon. Our findings demonstrate that the protective effect of SP against UC is based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction, inhibition of DSS-induced ROS production, and enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes and TJs in the colonic mucosal barrier.

Research progress in Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharides vaccine / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Gonorrhea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is one of the most frequently reported infectious diseases. With the increasing antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonorrhea has become a major public health problem worldwide, making it imperative to develop a safe and effective vaccine. Lipooligosaccharides (LOS), which exist on the outer surface of gram-negative bacteria, contain many important antigenic determinants. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that LOS may become the most potential target of Neisseria gonorrhoeae vaccine and immunotherapy. This article reviewed the structure of LOS, its role in Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, research progress in LOS vaccine and the challenges faced in vaccine development, aiming to provide reference for further study.

Dynamic analysis of antibodies induced by leptospiral vaccines / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the dynamic changes of antibodies induced by leptospiral vaccines.@*Methods@#Antigens for antibody detection were screened out. ELISA was used to analyze antibody responses induced at different time points after immunizing guinea pigs with different batches of leptospiral vaccines from different manufacturers. To investigate the relationship between antibody responses induced by leptospiral vaccines and their protective effects in animal model, guinea pigs were challenged with Leptospira after immunization.@*Results@#There was no significant antigen-antibody reaction between the LigA protein or Patoc Ⅰ antigen and the serum samples of guinea pigs immunized with leptospiral vaccines. Notable IgG and IgM antibody reactions were observed in all vaccination groups when using bacterial proteins from seven Leptospira reference strains which were used for the preparation of leptospiral vaccines as envelope antigens. Antigen-specific IgG antibodies peaked at 35 d after the last immunization, and the highest peak of antigen-specific IgM antibodies was reached 11 d after the last immunization. Results of the challenge test showed that non-diluted leptospiral vaccines induced significant IgG and IgM antibody reactions in guinea pigs as compared with those diluted three or nine times, showing good protective effects.@*Conclusions@#Analysis of the dynamic changes of antibodies induced by leptospiral vaccines revealed that there was correlation between the induced serum antibody responses and the protective effects. This study provided reference for further study on alternative methods for evaluating leptospiral vaccine potency.

Progress in evolution and molecular typing of Leptospira / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Leptospirosis is recognized as an important emerging zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp.and has a serious impact on people′s health and animal husbandry.Therefore, it has attracted more and more attention.With the development of biotechnology, major breakthroughs have been made in the fields of pathogenicity, molecular epidemic features and evolution mechanism of Leptospira.In this review, we summarize progress in evolution and molecular typing of Leptospira at home and abroad in order to provide a reference for further research on molecular epidemiological surveillance and new vaccine development.

Effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients early after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty ASAI-III elderly patients (over 65 years) were randomized equally into 4 groups including a control group without dexmedetomidine and 3 dexmedetomidine groups (groups D1, D2, and D3) with loading dexmedetomidine doses of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 µg/kg and maintenance doses of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 µg·kg(-1)·h(-1), respectively. Dex was discontinued 30 min before the end of surgery. The time of operation, adverse reactions, time from the end of surgery to spontaneous breathing recovery (TR), time from spontaneous breathing recovery to opening eyes (TO), and time from opening eyes to extubation (TE) were recorded. Mini-Mental State (MMSE) test was used to assess the cognitive function 1 day before and at 1 day and 3 days after the operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was significantly lower in groups D2 and D3 than in the control group and group D1 (P<0.05). The incidences of hypotension and bradycardia were the highest in group D3 (P<0.05), which also had longer significantly TO and TE than the other 3 groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dexmedetomidine with a loading dose of 0.5 µg/kg followed by maintenance doses of 0.5 and 0.8 µg·kg(-1)·h(-1) (preferentially 0.5 µg·kg(-1)·h(-1)) can reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.</p>

Serotype and fimbriae-genotype analysis of Chinese Bordetella pertussis strains / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To understand serotype and fimbriae-genotype of B. pertussis vaccine strains and isolates from different periods in China. Methods Serotype of eighty isolates and three vaccine strains were determined using anti-fim2 and fim3 monoclonal antibodies compared with polyclonal antisera. Fim2 and fim 3 genes were amplified by PCR and the amplified products were sequenced and analyzed . Results The serotype of three vaccine strains and all isolates but only one tested by the slide agglutination and micro-plate assay of anti-fim2 and fim3 monoclonal antibodies were the same in comparison with that of the slide agglutination of polyconal antisera. In this study, seventeen isolates and vaccine strains CS and P3S10 were fim2&3 serotype, and forty-eight isolates were tim2 serotype while fifteen isolates and vaccine strain 18530 were fim3 serotype. The predominant serotypes were fim2 and fim2&3 before Expanded Program on Immuni-zation in 1978, while the find became the most popular serotype after nation-wide pertussis vaccination in China. The fim2-1 and fim3-A genotype was the most common type, which was identified in 92.5% and 95.0% of the isolates, respectively. The genotype of vaccine strain 18530 was fim2-2 and fim3-A while oth-er vaccine strains were fim2-1 and fim3-A. The isolates contained fim3-B and fim3-D subtypes were found since 2000. These data indicated that the serotype and fimbriae genotype of B. pertussis isolates have been changed for immune environment of national-wide pertussis vaccination in China. Conclusion The validity and specificity of anti-fim2 and fim3 monoclonal antibodies have been validated for serotyping of B. pertussis strains. The information of serotype and fimbirae genotype of B. pertussis vaccine strains and isolates from dif-ferent time periods have been obtained. These data can facilitate the studies on quality control of vaccine strain, epidemiology and the evolution of B. pertussis in China.

Characteristics of the antigenic genes of four clinical Bordetella pertussis strains / 中华检验医学杂志

Objectives To analyze the characteristics of antigenic genes of clinical Bordetella pertussis strains recently isolated by analyzing the sequence of pertussis toxin S1 subunit(ptxS1) , pertactin (Prn) , fimbriae 2 (Fim2) and fimbriae 3 (Fim3 ) genes of four clinical isolates. Methods The 4 clinical isolates were collected in 2002 in Shijiazhuang of Hebei province. Four strains were isolated from pertussis patient's nasopharyngeal aspirate. ptxS1, Prn, Fim2 and Fim3 genes of these strains were amplified and sequenced. The sequences of those genes were compared with those of the isolates in GenBank and the isoaltes used in the production of pertussis vaccine in China. Results The results of the gene sequencing showed the four clinical isolates belonged to ptxS1 A type, which were different from those in vaccine strains. In addition, three Prn and three Fim'3 variants were observed in the four clinical isolates. Sequence analysis showed that the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of those strains had more than 99% identity with those in vaccine strains. The phylogenetic trees of those genes also showed these strains had a higher level of similarity with other Bordetella pertussis strains. Conclusion The four clinical isolates are different from vaccine strains in four antigenic genes, which laid a foundation for further studies on pertussis epidemiology,quality control and development of pertussis vaccine in China.

Development of fluorescence quantitative PCR for detection of Bordetella pertussis and its application / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To establish a rapid,accurate,specific quantitative assay for detecting B.pertussis,and apply to clinical diagnosis.Methods According to the specific sequence of B.pertussis IS481 gene,the primers and the fluorescence probe were designed and synthesized.Then a fluorescence quantitative PCR for detecting B.pertussis was developed.The specificity,sensitivity and reproducibility of the method were evaluated.255 specimens including 225 nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected pertussis patients and 30 normal nasopharyngeal swabs were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results A rapid specific quantitative method for detecting B.pertussis was established.The standard curve of the method indicated that there was a good linear relationship between the CT value and the template concentration with the correlation coefficient being 0.998.The linear range of the system was from 102 to 108 copies/μl and the minimum was 102 copies.It had a high sensitivity and good specificity.The intra.and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 5.78%-16.7% and 8.25%-14.9% respectively.The fluorescence quantitative PCR identified 41 positive results for specimens from suspected pertussis patients and results of 30 normal specimens were all negative.Conclusions The method can quantitatively detect the B.pertussis rapidly with high sensitivity and specificity,it can be applied to clinical diagnosis.

Hemodynamic changes under general anesthesia in combination with epidural anesthesia during endotracheal intubation in senile patients / 医学研究生学报

Objective:To compare hemodynamic changes under general anesthesia with those under general + epidural anesthesia during endotracheal intubation in senile patients.Methods:Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ senile patients aged 65-75 years were equally randomized into a G(general anesthesia) and a GE(general + epidural anesthesia) group and received intravenous injection of sufentanil 0.2 ?g/kg,midazolam 0.06 mg/kg,vecuronium 0.12 mg/kg and propofol 1.6 mg/kg for general anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation.SBP,DBP,HR,EDV,SV,EF and CO were recorded at 5 different time points,i.e.,before induction(T0),just before intubation(T1),immediately after intubation(T2),1 minute after intubation(T3),and 5 minutes after intubation(T4) via ultrasoundcardiogram.Results:Significant hemodynamic changes were observed in both groups(P

Determination of Chloroform and Tetrachloro-methane in Water by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Analysis / 环境与健康杂志

ve To increase the analytical efficacy and the sensitivity of determination of trace chloroform and tetrachloro-methane in water. Methods Headspace solid phase microextraction (HSSPME) analysis was applied to replace the traditional headspace method in determination of trace chloroform and tetrachloro-methane in water. Results The lowest detection limits were 0.05?g/L for chloroform and 0.005?g/L for tetrachloro-methane respec-tively. The precisions and accuracies all accorded with the requirements of determination. Conclusion The method of HSSPME was easy and rapid to operate, revealed reliable and accurate results and good practicability. It also showed higher sensitivity without any organic solvent, compared with that of traditional headspace method.